Iranian International Journal Of Social Sciences
Volume:12 Issue: 1, Winter 2022

With the advent of the information age in the late decades of the twentieth century, the linkage between academic and occupational education has taken on much greater importance. Graduate employability has been a subject of major concern to government, employers of labour and educational institutions. Many areas of shortfalls have been raised by scholars and employers about graduates’ skill level and ability to successfully gain and retain employment. Prominent among these areas is the gap between the acquired skills of young graduates and required skills in labour market. Yet the types of skills required and the extent to which these skills are embedded in university curriculum contents has not previously been addressed. This paper examines soft skills and didactic methods in Nigerian higher education programmes and the degree to which training strategies on soft skills are embedded in the academic curricula in Nigerian Universities. Detail descriptions/definitions of ‘soft’ and ‘hard skills’ within the context of Nigerian educational system are given. The Nigerian educational policy framework for skill acquisitions and professional development is also examined with a view to ascertaining whether or not there are educational policy problems to tackle or prospects to explore. Conclusions and recommendations are thereafter drawn.

The current study, with regard to the importance of addiction problem and important effect of social factors in youth dependence on drug abuse in Bojnourd, the examination provides conditions in order to control and prevent tendency toward youth addiction. In this study Participants encompassed 33 subjects (20 males and 13 females) the young men and women in the age group of 18-35 who resided in the therapeutic and care addiction centers in Bojnourd, these individuals were selected in terms of the determined criteria and the data were obtained through in-depth and semi-structured interviews and by using (meaningful) non-probability sampling. Many factors affect drug abuse that the most significant one among them is social factors. This study in the domain of social factors (Family breakdown, divorce, lack of control and supervision in the family, absence of life skills, low social capital, and loss of leisure time) influences the drug abuse.

The present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of self-care education on self-esteem of street children in Tehran. In terms of nature and method, the research was a descriptive-survey one and was conducted with an applied purpose. It was also quasi-experimental and based on a pre-test & post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study was labor and street children identified by educational and supporting centers and social support projects for street children under the supervision of Tehran city Welfare office, which has been identified by this center since the beginning of 1400 and is receiving various services including educational, health and treatment and was planning to empower them and their families. The statistical sample included 20 children who were divided into two groups of 10 experimental and control one. Sampling method was determined as purposive sampling. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire was used to measure self-esteem. The self-care skills were then taught to the experimental group in six sessions. Descriptive and inferential methods were used to analyze the data. The results of this study showed that teaching self-care skills was effective on self-esteem of street children.

The concept of social capital has three indexes including social trust, social solidarity and social participation and it is the effect and developer of the three indexes. This vital capital is in tight relation with physical, economic and human capital, which contribute to economic, cultural, and information development and to the flourishment of the society. Social capital creates the sense of participation among the society members, and it is the determinant cause of social security. Low level of social capital would result in discrimination, inequality, migration, lack of public trust sense, decrease in the social participation, decrease in charity affairs, increase in social bandit, drug addiction, family collapse, inter-generational gap, and consequently decrease in social security index. Using descriptive- analytic method, this research is intended to expound the indexes of social capital and their role in the promotion of social security so that to provide social security to flourish the society.

Biological and social developments of human beings, increasing divorce rates, increasing addiction rates, and other factors have broadened the upward trend of a particular type of female guardianship. Female-headed households are among the most vulnerable groups in society, and their personal lives face challenges due to the absence or weakness of male supervision. From another perspective, cognition based on the emic perspective, meaning coming from within, and being aware of the quality of life of these social groups will be effective in step-by-step planning and management. The aim of this study is to recreate the concept of quality of life for female-headed households living in Tehran's 19th district. This research is a qualitative one. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 female-headed households in the area. The sample size was determined based on the theoretical saturation criterion as 15. In order to configure the extracted codes, we have used the method of narrative thematic analysis based on Brown and Clark method in Nvivo 10 software. The analyses eventually led to the emergence of the following five main categories: minimal bio, pressure of multiple and contrasting roles, cold atmosphere, unstable security, and subordinate culture. These findings are a reflection of the conditions in the realm of life and the world ahead of them. Despite the difficult situation and the poor quality of life of this group of women, they are on the battlefield every day to maintain their family's survival. The important point is that although financial and supportive assistance from official institutions, even at low levels, along with public assistance, play an important role in their lives, However, in many cases, these formal and informal protections only help to maintain their current status, that is, they only guarantee the survival of their current status with the mentioned characteristics, and directing the protections will be much more effective, especially in their field of employment.

The purpose of this paper is analyze the contribution of universities and higher education institutions to promoting the competitive advantage of businesses within the national ecosystem of knowledge-based businesses. We have been used cross-sectional data from 140 countries, structural equation modeling technique. This research is a quantitative applied study that has been done with a descriptive approach. Theoretical analyzes and empirical findings show that competitive universities are based on a dynamic learning community, a free economic system and a democratic political system, by contributing to production, Knowledge, human capital accumulation, social capital accumulation and innovative interactions with industry, government and civil society help to promote the competitive advantage and competitiveness of businesses. The most important proposal and policy that can be made based on this result is that the government strives to build a "National Business Ecosystem base Knowledge" at the national level and a “Sub-ecosystems of businesses based university" at the local and regional levels.

The present study aims to provide a model that influences identity in the urban space in Tehran, with survey method. The data collection technique is a questionnaire designed by a researcher in the form of a sum of Likert scores, the validity of which has been confirmed by two forms, CVI and CVR. The statistical population for this study includes all citizens living in Tehran, who were selected using Cochran's 400 people formula as the multi-stage cluster sample. The theoretical framework of this research is also inspired by the theories of Berger, Goffman and Lefebvre. The results showed that the participation and interaction of the residents of the neighborhood, the sense of belonging to the neighborhood, the access to urban facilities and the attention to the environmental indicators of the neighborhood are related to the traditional identity of the residents of the neighborhood of Tehran and there is no relationship between presence in urban social life spaces and traditional identity. There is also a relationship between access to urban facilities and presence in social urban spaces with a modern identity. But there is no relationship between the participation and interaction of the residents of the neighborhood, the sense of belonging to the neighborhood and the attention to the environmental indicators in the place with the modern identity. Moreover, the structural model obtained using the AMOS software indicates the correct fit of the model, that the factors studied in the model in the form of independent variables are approximately explain 28% of the traditional identity and 45% of the modern identity.

Foresight, interconnectedness, the breadth and variety of role conflict, and social difference seem to be characteristics of the new society. Lifestyle was also a popular topic in the second part of the twentieth century, with sociologists taking it seriously. The importance of the influence of network ties on social involvement, the effect of network relations on cultural capital, and the effect of cultural capital on participation is shown by the findings of this research. The impact of social and network interactions on one's lifestyle. In addition, the levels of Cronbach's alpha coefficients and combined reliability of the variables are suitable for all study structures, according to the findings of Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability of the variables. The current study's statistical population comprises all women in Tehran who will be residents in 2020. A questionnaire was used to gather data for this study. The Cochran method was used to determine the sample size, which included 360 women from Tehran's 1st and 19th districts. The influence of network ties on social participation, cultural capital, and lifestyle, as well as the effect of cultural capital and social participation factors on lifestyle, has been proven, according to the findings of the research using Smart PlS software.

One of the most important issues in recent years has been the issue of population aging and its effects on the economy. It is clear that aging leads to increased healthcare costs, decreased productivity, saving, investment, risk taking and etc. finally, the economic growth will slow. On the other hand, it is necessary to address the issues of sustainable development, namely inequality, life expectancy, green life and etc. The main goal of this article is survey the impacts of aging on sustainable development and G20 economies and their plans for reducing and controlling the negative consequences. The main contribution of this article is that we have integrated the issue of sustainable development and aging problem in G20 countries in terms of economic and finance. The results show that the rate of fertility is decreasing and the rate of aging is increasing. So, G20 programs need to be considered and acted upon. We can conclude that by investing and effective measures and identifying potential threats, the effects of reduced economic growth and productivity can be reduced.

The main purpose of this study is to recognize the role of middle-aged and elderly people in the sustainable development of Taleghan and its suburbs. To achieve this goal, two methods of grand theory and documentation were used. Semi-structured and non-structured interviews and library and documentary studies were used to collect data. Sampling was random. The research findings show that the experiences of middle-aged and elderly people along with the new knowledge of experts through the creation of virtual organizations and social networks that are being formed are considered as the best way to achieve sustainable development in this region. To be. And the use of information and communication technology can be a good tool to empower villagers to better access information, educate farmers, preserve water resources, pastures, farms, forests and ultimately environmental sustainability and achieve sustainable development of Taleghan and its suburbs.